GODEY'S LADY'S BOOK
February 1850
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My blog having to do with mid 19th century historical clothing. I focus mainly the 1850-60's.
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From The Lady's Guide to Perfect Gentility By Emily Thornwell (Pages 221-226)
DRESSMAKING.
General facts and rules to be remembered.—Some few things are true about the making of all skirts, through every change of fashion, and whether the dress be of the coarsest stuff or the richest satin.
In cutting off the breadths, be careful to have them all of precisely equal length; also see that regard is paid to the figure running up or down, when the breadths are being basted, previous to running them. This is a matter that is frequently overlooked, even by experienced dressmakers. The breadths should be basted or pinned securely while running them, because a puckered' skirt will spoil the appearanceof the most elegant dress. Commence running each breadth at the bottom, first measuring off a length of silk sufficient to prevent the necessity of making any breaks of any sort in the seam. Not one back stitch can be permitted, as it will show distinctly on the right side, especially if the material be stiff silk.
The fastenings of the dress should be sewed on with great care, so that they may last as long as the dress itself. Whalebones should be smoothly pared on the edges and ends, to prevent them from slipping out after wearing holes in the waist-lining.
Obtaining the materials.—First the materials for the intended dress must be procured, and it is advisable, whenever practicable, to get them all at the same time. The necessary requisites are the mate: rial, the lining for the body and skirt, wadding, covering, hooks and eyes or buttons, whalebones, silk and thread. These are all required for a silk dress, and most of them for dresses of other fabrics.
Cutting the dress.—Having thus procured the required articles, proceed to cut out the dress, first measuring off the number of breadths of the proper length for the skirt. These must be immediately sewed over the edge to prevent their ravelling out. If tucks are intended, a proper calculation must be made as to their width, previous to cutting the breadths.
Next cut out the sleeves by the paper pattern which you have previously provided. Double the lining and cut it out according to your paper pattern. If you design the sleeves to be cross-way of the cloth, see to it that it is cut exactly cross-way, as also should be the outside, or they will draw when the dress is finished.
Measuring and fitting.—The skirt and sleeves being thus prepared, proceed to take the proper measures for the front and back of the body, by fitting a pattern to the shape of the person for whom it is intended. This pattern may be of thick paper, or what is better, thin white cloth. Pin the straight edge of the paper to the exact front of the body, letting it lie smoothly as possible over the bosom, and extending as far as the shoulder, where the paper may be secured by a pin, Lay three folds of equal breadth under the bosom, for biases. Pin these carefully, as much of the beauty of the waist depends upon them Then pare out the neck, and arm, and cut off the bottom of the waist to suit your taste, with either a long or short bodice. Fold over an inch on the straight side of another piece of paper, and pin it up and down the back. Cut it to fit, and meet the front piece at exactly the side of the body. You will then have an exact pattern of one half the waist.
Cut the lining of the waist by the pattern thns obtained, and exit the silk material by the lining. It is not generally advisable to cut out the half of the back all in one piece, as it fits better with pieces joined at the sides ; they are called side-bodies; and this method should always be adopted, unless the lady has a very flat back; in that case it is best . to cut the half all in one piece.
Running or seaming the breadths.—Be sure that the skirt is quite full, as narrow skirts are now completely exploded. Fasten the edges of the breadths to your knee, or to a pincushion screwed to the work-table, to hold them firmly. Run the lining together in a similar manner, and fasten each of the outside seams to a corresponding one in it, after which overcast the top and bottom edges. An opening must be left in one of the seams for the pocket-hole, which must not exceed one quarter of a yard in length.
Having thus completed the skirt, to which flounces may be added, or into which tucks may be introduced, if deemed advisable (they seldom are in silk dresses), you proceed to make the sleeves, and trim them before stitching them into the waist.
Baste securely the parts of the waist and try it on, for the purpose of perfecting it as to its fit. Then cord the neck, arms, and other parts. Plain sewing is now all that is required to finish the waist ready to be placed upon the skirt. Turn the skirt in at the top till it is of the proper length, both behind, before, and at the sides. Gather or plait the skirt, according to the prevailing style in this respect.
Capes to dresses are often very desirable, made of the same material. They are very convenient articles; and no great art, though a proper degree of attention, is required to make them neatly. The lining is to be tacked to the silk or stuff, and the cape cut out by a paper pattern the size and shape required. Before taking out the tacking thread, a cord should be run in at the edges, and these latter are to be turned, and the fining sewed down firmly upon them. You now take out the thread, and ornament or leave the cape plain, as you please.
In making flounces, be sure that they are cut precisely cross-wise of the material, otherwise they will hang ungracefully. Sometimes fashion dictates straight-way flounces; they are more easily made than those cut cross-way, but are not so elegant, except as fashion rules.
Tucks, with or without open-work between them, have an exceedingly neat appearance, and are seldom out of fashion. They are especially proper in white and black dresses.
It is sometimes good economy to make the sleeve of a dress in two separate parts, so that the lower portion can be taken off at pleasure. For an evening dress this is found very convenient, as when the under part is removed, a lace can be placed upon the short sleeve, thus giving a very dressy and tasteful appearance.
Silk and other heavy dresses should be lined, but muslins and calicoes look better when hemmed at the bottom of the skirt.
It is a good plan to set a worsted braid around the inside of the bottom of nice dresses, of the same color, and projecting one quarter of an inch below the material. Much wear is thus avoided, and the braid can easily be replaced.
We have been thus explicit with regard to the minutiae of dressmaking, hoping that we might add many to the present number of ladies whose interest and pleasure it is to be their own dressmakers.
From The Lady's Guide to Perfect Gentility By Emily Thornwell (Pages 132-137)
EFFECTS OF DRESS UPON THE FEMALE FORM, ETC., ETC.
Lacing the chest.—When the breathing is deep and full, the chest is expanded and rises, and the stomach is protruded during inspiration, while the chest falls and contracts, and the stomach recedes during expiration. Now what must be the effect of preventing these movements of the chest and stomach by means of a tight bandage? Why, the lungs can be distended no longer with air, the breathing becomes hurried by the least exertion, the natural functions of the organs occupying the interior of the body are hindered, and the free circulation of the blood impeded, constituting, altogether, ample causes of disease.
When the chest is scientifically laced as tight as can be borne, it often causes the blood to rush to the face, neck, and arms, on taking exercise or remaining in a heated room. Young ladies at parties frequently become so suffused from this cause, that they present the appearance of a washerwoman actively engaged over a tub of hot suds. Tight lacing also causes an extreme heaving of the bosom, resembling the panting of a dying bird.
Effect of tight lacing on the face, neck, arms, shape, and motion of the body, etc.—Those who wear very tight stays complain that they cannot sit upright without them ; nay, are sometimes compelled to wear them in bed, and this strikingly proves to what an extent artificial braces of any sort weaken the muscles of the trunk. It is this which disposes to lateral curvature of the spine. From these facts, as well as many others, it is evident that tight stays, far from preventing the deformities which an experienced eye might remark among ninety out of every hundred young girls, are, on the contrary, the cause of these deviations. Stays, therefore, should never be worn, under any circumstances, till the organs have acquired a certain development ; and they should never at any period be tight. A well-known effect of the use of stays is, that the right shoulder frequently becomes larger than the left, because the former, being stronger and more frequently in motion, somewhat frees itself, and acquires by this means an increase of which the left side is deprived, by being feebler and subjected to continued compression.
The injury does not fall merely on the internal structure of the body, but also on its beauty, and on the temper and feelings with which that beauty is associated. Beauty is in reality but another name for that expression of countenance, which is the index of sound health, intelligence, good feelings, and peace of mind. All are aware that uneasy feelings, existing habitually in the breast, speedily exhibit their signature on the countenance, and that bitter thoughts, or a bad temper, spoil the human face divine of its grace. But it is not so generally known that irksome or painful sensations, though merely of a physical nature, by a law equally certain, rob the temper of its sweetness, and, as a consequence, the countenance of the more ethereal and better part of its beauty.
In many persons, tight stays displace the breast, and produce an ineffaceable and frightful wrinkle between it. and the shoulder; and in others, whom nature has not gifted with the plumpness requisite to beauty, such stays make the breasts still natter and smaller. Generally speaking, tight stays also destroy the firmness of the breast, sometimes prevent the full development of the nipples, and give rise to those indurations of the mammary glands, the cause of which is seldom understood, and which are followed by such dreadful consequences.
They also cause a reddish tinge of the skin, swelling of the neck, etc. A delicate and slender figure is full of beauty in a young person; but suppleness and ease confer an additional charm. Tet most women, eager to be in the extreme of fashion, lace themselves in their stays as tight as possible, and, undergoing innumerable tortures, appear stiff, ungraceful, and illtempered. Elegance of shape, dignity of movement, grace of manner, and softness of demeanor, are all sacrificed to foolish caprice.
Stays tend to transform into a point the base of the cone which the osseous frame of the chest represents, and to maintain in a state of immobility two cavities, whose dimensions should vary without ceasing. By this compression, stays are prejudicial to the free execution of several important functions, muscular motion, circulation, respiration, digestion.
The muscles, or organs of motion, are enlarged by free exercise, and are destroyed by compression; every degree of this, as exercised by stiff stays, diminishes and enfeebles the muscles of the chest; a great degree of it absolutely annihilates them. Long before that is accomplished, the stays become necessary for support instead of the muscles; but as their support is remote from the spine, as well as inadequate, it yields, and lateral curvature, or crooked back ensues. Ketreat to natural habits is now difficult or impossible; if the muscles retain any power, they increase the curvature, and the wretched being is reduced to the necessity of obtaining support, and maintaining existence, by stays still stiffer during the day, and at night by stays when in bed.
By impeding the circulation of blood through the lungs, the use of stays not only prevents their proper development, and renders respiration difficult, but becomes a predisposing cause of convulsive coughs, consumption, palpitation of the heart, and aneurism.
From the same cause, obstinate and dangerous obstructions in the abdominal organs, which are displaced by the pressure of the busk, are of frequent occurence. In females, the liver has frequently been found pushed several inches beyond the last ribs, and its superior surface perceptibly marked with them; and this has been produced solely by the pressure of the stays upon the organs contained in the chest.
Some additional reasons why tight-laced dresses should be avoided.—Any unnatural compression of the chest produces a narrowness of the parts, and permanently deforms it by doubling the cartilages of the ribs inward, near their junction with the breast bone.
In some persons who practice tight lacing with the indispensable accompaniment of the busk, a constant feeling of aching and soreness of the breast-bone is induced, and so severe does this become, that the removal of the* busk is attended with excruciating pain, and has to be effected gradually.
All the lower organs of the body, such as the liver, the diaphragm, the stomach and spleen, are prevented from performing each its important function; and who can wonder that cold extremities, pale visages, troubled sleep, excessive nervousness of the system, etc., are among some of the frightful consequences of this universal practice ?
From Peterson's, December 1860
"Thinking that a pattern of under-linen would be exceedingly acceptable to many of the subscribers to Peterson's, we, this month, give one of a Chemise of the newest make. The back is straight, edged with a piece of work only; the front is trimmed with insertion, embroidery, and small tucks let in between the insertion. This trimming is of a pointed form; and the body of the Chemise in front must be cut the same shape, to fit on to this. The width of the long-cloth, or linen, is sufficient for the width of the garment, and should be gored at the top, the gores that are cut off being placed at the bottom, and the arm-hole shaped out. The sleeve is cut in two pieces, and should be joined together by a double row of stitching; it is made of Scotch cambric, with very small tucks run in it, to match the trimming in front. For strength and durability, we would recommend that this be made of the same material as the Chemise. As our space is limited, we have only been able to give, in the diagram, the half of both the back and front, as far down as the top of the gore; but the illustration of the garment itself will clearly show how it should be made. The front is gathered from A to B; the part from A to the bottom of the point, and the same from C to C, being put on quite plain; it is gored from D to E, and the gore that comes off is put on to the bottom. The back of the Chemise is plain from F to G; and the other portion of the back is gathered into the work on the top. It is gored from H to F; the gore that comes off being put on to the bottom, in the same manner as with the front gore."


It never fails, I don't think I have ever made a article of clothing for myself that is not blue (this is quite unconsciously I might add), there was that burgundy cape dress I made but I don't really wear it often, the sleeves just don't seem right to me. Sigh...


